Discussion of Triaxial of action: Policy, Politics, and Nursing

Read Chapter on Davis Plus: Discussion of Triaxial of action: Policy, Politics, and Nursing
1- What is Policy?
2- Explain each of them:     Public policy— Private policy— Health policy— Social policy— Organizational policy?
3- Who was Florence Nightingale, and what was her contribution to the Nursing Field?
4- Who was Lillian Wald?
5- Who was Margaret Sanger, and in what way she helped to the developments of Nursing Field?6_ what is    (ICN), and what they do?
7- What is  s (NLCA) and they do?
Jeanne Blum, RN, is a nurse on a  LDRP unit. Recently, the policy and    procedures manual for Jeanne’s unit included the premature rupturing of membranes of a laboring patient    as a practice acceptable for nurses to perform. Jeanne    and some of her coworkers shared their concern over    lunch about this new responsibility.They felt uncomfortable with the possibility of cord prolapse and    other potential medical complications resulting from    this practice. Jeanne gathered data from her state and    many others states and noted that her hospital was    not in compliance with her professional organization practice standards. Jeanne shared this information   with her coworkers. She volunteered to contact the    state board of nursing on their behalf to request a    declaratory statement on the nurse’s role in the initiation of premature rupturing of uterine membranes.    Her state board’s clinical practice committee    reviewed her request for a declaratory statement and    gathered information from other states. A formal    declaratory statement was drafted by the board and    made it available on its Web site. A letter from the    board was sent to Jeanne’s institution, informing it of    the declaratory statement, which stated that the task    nurses were requested to perform was beyond their    scope of practice based on the Nurse Practice Act. 8-Which stage of the policy model does this scenario    represent?