Essays

Please answer the following questions in a 200-word response minimum. Try your best to reference the text I will message you privately for how to access the text book.

1. After reading Chapter 12 on Gordon Allport and his theory of personality, what are the three levels of personal dispositions? Then, choose one particular level and provide an example, explaining why it exemplifies that particular level from the others.

2. Chapter 13 of our textbook is on McCrae and Costa’s five factor trait theory of personality. After reading this material, explain the core components of personality. In other words, explain in your own words what the five factors are and how they explain an individual’s personality.

3. Chapter 14 of our textbook focused on the work of Eysenck. Eysenck’s theory of personality is founded on biological factors, which is much different from the other theories we have studied thus far in the course. How would you explain his theory of biological bases of personality to a friend who has no experience with psychology? In particular, how would you explain the differences between the biological and dispositional theories of personality?

4. Chapter 15 of our textbook is on David Buss and his evolutionary theory of personality. After reading this material, explain the nature vs. nurture debate from his perspective. In other words, how does his theory conceptualize personality from the viewpoint of nature and nurture?

5. Watch“The Enduring Self,”

Please make a statement about what you saw in the video and reflect with a notable response. Here is the link: http://search.alexanderstreet.com.contentproxy.phoenix.edu/view/work/1795032

Please participate (respond) to the classmates answers with POSITIVE notable and educational input. (200 word minimum Reponses)

1. Kelly: Hello classmates and facilitator. Allport distinguished between common traits, which permit inter-individual comparisons, and personal dispositions, which are peculiar to the individual. He recognized three overlapping levels of personal dispositions, the most general of which are cardinal dispositions that are so obvious and dominating that they can not be hidden from other people. Not everyone has a cardinal disposition, but all people have 5 to 10 central dispositions, or characteristics around which their lives revolve. In addition, everyone has a great number of secondary dispositions, which are less reliable and less conspicuous than central traits. Allport further divided personal dispositions into (1) motivational dispositions, which are strong enough to initiate action and (2) stylistic dispositions, which refer to the manner in which an individual behaves and which guide rather than initiate action. An example of a central disposition would be honesty. An example of honesty is when you cheat on your math test and when you get it back it has a big fat A on it and you tell the teacher you don’t deserve it. You feel better after that and know you did the right thing or finding a wallet and returning it to the owner with the money left in it.

2. David M.: AExtroversion trait is characterized by excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness and high amounts of emotional expressiveness. People who are high in extroversion are outgoing and tend to gain energy in social situations. Conscientious trait Standard features of this dimension include high levels of thoughtfulness, with good impulse control and goal-directed behaviors. A neurorism trait tend to be organized and mindful of details is a trait characterized by sadness, moodiness and emotional instability. Individuals who are high in this trait tend to experience mood swings, anxiety, moodiness, irritability and sadness. Those low in this trait tend to be more stable and emotionally resilient. Openness trait features characteristics such as imagination and insight, and those high in this trait also tend to have a broad range of interePeople who are high in this trait tend to be more adventurous and creative. People low in this trait are often much more traditional and may struggle with abstract thinking.  Agreeableness trait is a personality dimension includes attributes such as trust, kindness, affection and other pro social behaviors. People who are high in agreeableness tend to be more cooperative while those low in this trait tend to be more competitive and even manipulative.It is important to know that each of the five personality factors represents a range between two extremes. An example would be, extroversion represents a continuum between extreme extroversion and extreme introversion. In the real world, most people lie somewhere in between the two polar ends of each dimension.People who are low in extroversion  tend to be more reserved and have to expend energy in social settings.

3. Kelly: Hello classmates and facilitator.  Dispositional personality theories are an approach that helps to classify psychological characteristics.  An example of these classifications is seen in McCrae and Costa’s five-factor trait theory.  This model presents five factors that each has high and low scoring levels.  . The second theory associated with dispositional personality theories is the Psychology of the Individual, presented by Alfred Adler.  Each person is the best at determining which behaviors are specific to the individual, such as desires or needs. Alfred Adler showed support that the individual is the most important, when asked whether he would put more importance on heredity or environment (Overholser, J.C., 2010).  The psychology of the individual theory works to understand unconscious behaviors. Social behavior and understanding are viewed based on the individual’s behavior and choices. Evolutionary or biological personality theories work towards understanding genetic connections to personality traits. These theories also work towards explaining an approach that connects genetic changes with the surrounding environment.  The theories encompassed in this category operate to study an individual’s specific personality, compared to the general outlook view used in dispositional theories.  The evolutionary theory of personality is new to understanding, with new information available through new research and studies.  This theory also uses an approach by questioning who we are as a people, and why there are similarities and differences between those individuals (Buss, D.M, & Schmitt, D.P, 2011).  There are two biological or evolutionary theories; Eysenck’s Biologically Based Factor Theory and the Evolutionary Theory of Personality.

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